I work on two projects, neither of which use cloud.
For my day job, it is privacy and legal constraints. I work for the government and all manner of things need to be signed off on to move to cloud. We could probably make it work, but in government, the hassle of doing so is so large that it is not going to happen for a long time.
In my contract project, it is a massive competitive advantage. I won't go into too many details, but customers in this particular area are very pleased that we do not use a cloud provider and instead host it somewhat on-premise. I don't see a large privacy advantage over using the cloud, but the people buying the service do simply because they are paranoid about the data and every single one of them could personally get in a lot of trouble for losing the data.
Not my project, but intensive computing requirements can be much more cheaply filled by on-premise equipment (especially if you don't pay for electricity), so my university does most of its AI and crypto research on-premise.
For my day job, it is privacy and legal constraints. I work for the government and all manner of things need to be signed off on to move to cloud. We could probably make it work, but in government, the hassle of doing so is so large that it is not going to happen for a long time.
In my contract project, it is a massive competitive advantage. I won't go into too many details, but customers in this particular area are very pleased that we do not use a cloud provider and instead host it somewhat on-premise. I don't see a large privacy advantage over using the cloud, but the people buying the service do simply because they are paranoid about the data and every single one of them could personally get in a lot of trouble for losing the data.
Not my project, but intensive computing requirements can be much more cheaply filled by on-premise equipment (especially if you don't pay for electricity), so my university does most of its AI and crypto research on-premise.