"The EPA may regulate emissions that contribute to global climate change" would also do the trick.
These laws are all quite old, many pre-date the EPA even and are from the 1950s and 1960s. They were clearly written for toxic pollutants, which carbon is not.
Let me ask you plainly: are you a lawyer? You seem well informed, but not lawyerly. I feel like you have good theoretical knowledge of how this should work in an ideal world, but not as much understanding of how it works in practice.
Why do you propose every single atom needs to be explicitly listed? 42 USC 7411 does grant EPA the power to determine what emissions need regulating, and how to best regulate them.
